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Jade Bight
The Jade Bight〔Elkins, T H (1972). ''Germany'' (3rd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus, 1972, p. 281. .〕〔Holden, Joseph (ed.) (2008), ''An Introduction to Physical Geography and the Environment'', 2nd ed., Pearson, Harlow, 2008, p. 483. ISBN 978-0-13-175304-4.〕 (or ''Jade Bay'';〔Britannica Online Encyclopedia: (''Jade Bay'' )〕 (ドイツ語:Jadebusen)) is a bight or bay on the North Sea coast of Germany. It was formerly known simply as ''Jade'' or ''Jahde''. Because of the very little input of freshwater, it is classified as not an estuary but a bay.〔Günther Lang, Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (Federal Bureau for Water-Bound Constructions): ''Ein Beitrag zur Tidedynamik der Innenjade und des Jadebusens (A contribution on the tidal dynamics of Innenjade and Jadebusen)'' (in German)〕
==Intrusion of the sea==
About 180 km² (70 mi²) in area, the Jade was largely created by storm floods during the 13th and 16th centuries. Since the early 14th century, it has joined eastward to the estuary of river Weser. For some time, there were three permanent connecting branches and one flood bed between the river and the bight, forming an estuarine delta. The first of these junctions was closed in 1450 by dikes, the last one in 1515. However, it took more than a century, for most of the area flooded by these connections to be regained for pasture and arable land.
In the west, the Jade extended far into the Frisian peninsula. From the early 16th century, a number of dikes were built against the storm floods and to gain arable land. The main dike, ''Ellenser Damm'', was built between 1596 and 1615 by the County of Oldenburg before the agreement with the objecting County of East Frisia was finished successfully.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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